How does the nurse elicit rebound tenderness in a patient suspected of having peritonitis?

Rebound tenderness is a clinical sign that indicates irritation of the peritoneum, often associated with conditions like peritonitis. To elicit rebound tenderness, the nurse presses firmly on the abdomen, particularly over the area that is suspected to be inflamed or painful. After applying pressure, the nurse quickly releases the hand. This sudden release causes the peritoneum to react, which can cause the patient to experience sharp pain as the pressure is removed.

This reaction occurs because the inflammation leads to heightened sensitivity in the peritoneal area, so the rapid change in pressure during the release of the applied force brings about the characteristic pain of rebound tenderness.

The other techniques mentioned do not specifically assess for rebound tenderness. Light pressure with maintained contact does not produce the sudden change in pressure needed to elicit a response. Circular massage may relax the abdominal muscles but does not apply the necessary force to test for tenderness effectively. Deep, rhythmic palpation might help assess organ size or tenderness but lacks the specific intent necessary to identify rebound tenderness. Therefore, the technique of pressing firmly and then rapidly releasing is a crucial assessment method for evaluating potential peritoneal irritation.